GOST 28238-89 PDF

Full title and description

GOST 28238-89 — "Sunflower. Method for determination of the mass fraction of oleic acid according to the oil refractive index". This interstate standard specifies a refractometric procedure for estimating the mass fraction of oleic (oleinic) acid in oil obtained from high‑oleic sunflower seeds by pressing.

Abstract

The standard defines sampling references, sample preparation (oil extraction by mechanical pressing), measurement of the oil refractive index on a refractometer and calculation of the mass fraction of oleic acid for sunflower varieties and hybrids with high oleic content (nominally ≥58%). It also states compositional limits for certain impurities (phospholipids, unsaponifiables) and acceptable refractive index bounds used in the calculation.

General information

• Status: Active (interstate GOST in force as published).
• Publication date: Adopted/introduced 1 July 1990 (designation uses year 1989 — GOST 28238-89).
• Publisher: Interstate (USSR) GOST system — developed and submitted by the State Agro‑Industrial Committee of the USSR (Gosagroprom / developer attribution in the standard).
• ICS / categories: ICS 67.200.20 (oilseeds, oil-bearing crops / seed quality testing).
• Edition / version: Original GOST 28238-89 (adopted 1989 / introduced 1990). No later superseding version identified in standard databases consulted.
• Number of pages: Published pamphlet typically listed as 4–6 pages depending on source/format (standard text is brief; common listings show 4 pages in several catalogs and 6 pages in some databases).

Scope

The standard applies to high‑oleic sunflower seeds and hybrids (specified in the standard as having not less than 58.0% oleic acid) and establishes a laboratory method for determining the mass fraction of oleic acid in the oil pressed from those seeds. It is intended for use in seed evaluation, breeding and quality control of non‑edible/industrial seed lots (the standard explicitly excludes edible sunflower oil as its scope).

Key topics and requirements

• Refractometric determination: measure the refractive index of oil on a refractometer and convert refractive index to mass fraction of oleic acid using the procedure and tables given in the standard.
• Sample preparation: oil obtained by mechanical pressing of seed samples prepared according to referenced sampling GOSTs.
• Compositional constraints: the standard states limits for certain seed/oil constituents (examples cited in the text include phospholipids and non‑saponifiable matter) that affect validity of the refractometric correlation.
• Refractive index bounds: normative refractive index ranges are specified (example numerical bounds appear in the standard text and are used to validate measurements).
• Referenced sampling and preparative standards: sampling and portioning of seed material are to be performed in accordance with other GOSTs cited in the method.

Typical use and users

Primary users include seed breeding and research institutes, seed producers and processors, seed testing and certification laboratories, agricultural quality control services and laboratories that evaluate oilseed varieties for oleic acid content as part of varietal selection, certification and industrial/processing acceptance testing. The method is suitable for quick screening where refractometry provides a rapid estimate.

Related standards

GOST 28238-89 references and is used alongside other GOSTs for sampling and seed handling (for example, sampling rules for seeds and sample preparation appear in related GOSTs such as GOST 10852 and GOST 12036, which are cited in the standard text). Other GOSTs governing oilseed specification and analytical methods for sunflower/vegetable oils may be relevant for complementary determinations.

Keywords

Sunflower; high‑oleic sunflower; oleic acid; refractive index; refractometry; oil quality; seed testing; GOST 28238‑89; seed breeding; oilseeds.

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: An interstate GOST that specifies a refractometric method to determine the mass fraction of oleic acid in oil pressed from high‑oleic sunflower seeds (GOST 28238‑89).

Q: What does it cover?

A: Sampling references, preparation of seed test portions, oil extraction by pressing, measurement of oil refractive index and calculation/interpretation rules to estimate oleic acid mass fraction; it also states compositional limits and measurement validation bounds.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Seed breeders, seed producers, seed and oil testing laboratories, agricultural research institutions and certification bodies involved in evaluation and quality control of high‑oleic sunflower material.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: Listings in multiple standards catalogs and databases mark GOST 28238‑89 as an active (in‑force) document introduced 1 July 1990. No authoritative superseding standard was identified in the consulted databases; users seeking the absolute current legal status should verify with the national standards body or official standards register for their jurisdiction.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: It is part of the body of GOSTs related to oilseeds and seed testing (group S19 / ICS 67.200.20) and cross‑references other GOSTs for sampling and related test methods; it is not a numeric series like "part 1/part 2" but sits among companion standards for sunflower and oilseed testing.

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Sunflower; oleic acid; refractive index; refractometer; high‑oleic; seed testing; oil content; GOST.