GOST 10243-75 PDF

Full title and description

GOST 10243-75 — "Steel. Methods of test and estimation of macrostructure" (Russian: ГОСТ 10243-75). The standard specifies laboratory methods for preparing, etching and examining macrosections and fractures of forged and rolled steels to detect and classify macrostructural defects.

Abstract

Specifies sampling and preparation of macro-templates and fracture samples, etching reagents and regimes, reference scales for scoring common macro-defects (pores, segregation, liquation, flakiness, intergranular cracks, delamination, etc.), rules for presentation of results and required photographic/illustrative annexes. It applies to carbon, alloyed and high-alloy steels within typical cross-section ranges used for bars and billets.

General information

• Status: In force (limitation of validity removed by Protocol No. 4‑93 of the Interstate Council for Standardization; standard maintained in national collections).
• Publication date: Approved 19 August 1975; date of introduction/effective date 1 January 1978 (replaces GOST 10243-62).
• Publisher: State Committee for Standards of the USSR (Gosstandart) — adopted by the USSR State Committee of Standards.
• ICS / categories: Metallurgy / steels; group B09; related to ICS metallurgy classifications (77 — metals and metallic products).
• Edition / version: Original 1975 edition with Amendment No.1 (approved August 1982); reprinted with amendment in 1985.
• Number of pages: Edition lengths vary by publisher/format (commonly reported as ~37–41 pages depending on printing and inclusion of annexes).

Key bibliographic and status details above are recorded in national standards registries and commercial standards collections.

Scope

Applies to forged and rolled carbon, alloyed and high‑alloy steels and establishes methods for: selection and cutting of samples from bars and billets; preparation of macro‑templates; etching procedures and recommended reagents; visual assessment scales and photographic examples; fracture testing procedures for classification of defects; and rules for recording and reporting macrostructure assessment results. Typical cross‑section coverage extends from about 40 mm (minimum relevant side/diameter) up to 250 mm (maximum side) for bars and billets unless otherwise specified.

Key topics and requirements

• Sampling rules and template sizes (longitudinal and transverse templates; recommended dimensions and surface preparation).
• Etching reagents and regimes for revealing macrostructure (recommended compositions and etch times/temperatures).
• Fracture examination procedures as a complementary control method (preparation, orientation and interpretation of fracture surfaces).
• Reference scales and scoring systems (multi‑point scales for central porosity, point heterogeneity, liquation, delamination, subsurface bubbles, intergranular cracks, layer crystallization, bright bands, etc.).
• Illustrative annex with photographic examples and descriptions to aid defect identification and scoring.
• Requirements for recording results in test reports (material grade, heat number, section dimensions, scores by defect type, final conclusion: "suitable" / "conforms").

These procedural elements and scoring scales are described in the standard text and illustrated in mandatory annexes.

Typical use and users

Used by metallurgical production laboratories, incoming quality control at steel mills and downstream manufacturers, independent testing laboratories, inspection and certification bodies, and researchers involved in steel production quality assurance and failure analysis. It is applied when assessing macro‑defects in bars, billets and forgings for acceptance, investigation of defects and process control.

Related standards

Associated and historically related documents include the earlier GOST 10243-62 (replaced), the intergovernmental (CMEA / ST SEV) designation ST SEV 2837-81 for the same subject area, and other national GOSTs addressing metallographic and macroscopic inspection of steels (for example GOST 22838‑77 and other metallography/methods‑of‑testing standards). Amendment No.1 (1982) and later reprints are part of the document history.

Keywords

steel; macrostructure; macroetching; fracture analysis; metallography; template; etching reagents; defect classification; porosity; liquation; flakiness; intergranular cracks; GOST.

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: GOST 10243-75 is a Soviet (now used in national/regional collections) standard titled "Steel. Methods of test and estimation of macrostructure" that sets out methods for preparing and examining steel macrosections and fractures to detect and score macrostructural defects.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers sampling, cutting and surface preparation of macro‑templates and fracture specimens, etching procedures and reagents, reference scoring scales for common macro‑defects, illustrative photographic annexes and rules for documenting results. It also provides guidance on when to use fracture examination versus etched template inspection.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Metallurgical QC labs, steel producers, inspection and certification bodies, independent testing laboratories and researchers performing macrostructural assessment of bars, billets and forgings.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: The standard was approved in 1975 and introduced 1 January 1978; it replaced GOST 10243-62 and received Amendment No.1 (1982). Its limitation of validity was removed by Protocol No. 4‑93 of the Interstate Council, and it is recorded as maintained in national standards collections (i.e., retained/in force in available registries). For any regulatory use verify the currently approved version in the national standards database.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: It forms part of the body of GOST standards on metallographic and mechanical testing of steels and is linked to interrelated standards for steel inspection, metallography, and non‑destructive testing; it also has the intergovernmental designation ST SEV 2837‑81 in CMEA documentation.

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Steel, macrostructure, macroetching, fracture, defect classification, etching reagents, templates, metallography, GOST.